2007-2008 Undergraduate Course Catalog

DIVISION OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL STUDIES
Amy Lorenz, Ph.D., Chair
Co-directors: Peter Doerschler, Ph.D. and Lee Zhu, Ph.D.

Economics
History
International Studies
Politics
Sociology
Gender Studies Program Minor

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL STUDIES

ECONOMICS
Division of Social and Cultural Studies, Laddie Sula, Ph. D., Chair

Requirements for the major (33 credits in Economics plus 7 credits in co-requisite courses):
L.ECO-221, 222, 321, 322, 490, and either L.ECO-353 or 419, plus twelve elective hours in economics. Additional courses for the major from outside the division include either L.BUS-310 or L.MAT-115, and L.ACC-225. Students contemplating graduate school are strongly encouraged to take L.MAT-150, 160 and 250, along with L.ECO-419.

Requirements for the minor (18 credits):
L.ECO-221, 222, 321, and 322, plus six elective hours.

ECONOMICS COURSES

L.ECO-221. Principles of Microeconomics.
Have you ever wondered why airlines charge higher prices when you walk in off the street than if you call in advance? (or why movie theaters charge children half-price tickets when they take up a whole seat - or have happy hours, or senior citizen discounts, or why the government taxes cigarettes and alcohol?) This class gives insight into the market system and how it works. Students will uncover the workings of the free market system to discover how prices are determined and how other economic decisions are made. 3 credits. Each semester.

L.ECO-222. Principles of Macroeconomics.
Why is the U.S. standard of living higher than that of most other countries, and what does the standard of living depend on? What causes the unemployment rate to rise, and why do some countries suffer from inflation? What determines the exchange rate between the dollar and the Euro? These questions and more will be discussed as students learn more about the economy in which they live. This course can be taken prior to L.EC0-221. 3 credits. Each semester.

L.ECO-236. Quest for Ethical Development-AV.
This class is designed for students who wish to know more about the developing world and its relationship with the developed world and the concerns with the global environment. Economic growth and development has taken on a new look in the last several years. Consequently, new questions are being asked about the growth and development process of a country: Why have some countries grown so rich while others have remained so poor? How does growth and development take place? What is the effect of growth and development on the environment? What has been the effect of economic development on women? Will the developing countries ever catch up to the developed countries? Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits. Each year.

L.ECO-237. Cities on a Hill: Community and Identity in Urban America-AI.
Despite our rural beginnings, eighty-five percent of all Americans now live in or near 350 cities. A variety of institutional, technological and economic factors contributed to this urban metamorphosis. Students in this course will examine the impact of this urban transformation upon our identity as individuals and as members of various communities. Through readings, videos, art, music, speakers, student research, class trips and a group presentation students will investigate the myths and realities of rural and urban culture as they alter both our personal identity as well as how the interaction between cultures shape communities and institutions. Reflecting upon how our society creates and recreates the communities in which we live, work and play will provide us with a bridge to better understand both ourselves, and the challenges our cities face in the future. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits. Each year.

L.ECO-254. God, Catholicism, and Capitalism-AV.
The basic task of any economic system is the production of enough goods and services for its own survival and to arrange the distribution of the fruits of its production so that more production can take place. The burdens of production and the spoils of distribution are often inequitably allocated among members of society. Why is there such poverty among great wealth? Why are some denied access to gainful employment? Why are whole populations allowed to starve while other populations have not enough space for their garbage? This course will utilize Catholic social teaching and various ethics theories to explore economic and social issues that plague societies and to explore the meaning and measurement of fairness or justice in addressing such questions. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100; L.LIB-105; L.LIB-110; and one from L.LIB-120; L.LIB-130; or L.LIB-135. 3 credits. Each year.

L.BUS-310. Business Statistics.
Course description in Accounting and Business section. Required for the major in economics. 3 credits. May not be used as an elective for the major or minor in Economics. L.MAT-115 (Statistics) may be substituted for L.BUS-310. Each semester.

L.ECO-321. Intermediate Microeconomic Theory.
A theoretical analysis of the pricing and output decisions of firms and industries within a free market economy. Required for majors and minors. Prerequisites: L.EC0-221 and 222. 3 credits. Each fall semester.

L.ECO-322. Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory.
The objectives in this class are quite straight forward. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to explain clearly, to someone with little economics background, the basic workings of an economy including spending, inventories, GDP, savings, consumption, investment, and fiscal and monetary policy. Students will also be able to talk about the business cycle, economic growth and development, interest rates of all sorts, and their effect on the economy. This is a hands-on course, so major emphases will be the application of theory to problems, reading comprehension, and the ability to explain concepts. Required for majors and minors. 3 credits. Each spring semester.

L.ECO-334. International Trade.
An introduction to the theory of international trade, balance of payments behavior, the causes and consequences of public policies to control trade and foreign exchange rates, the process of international payments mechanisms and their effects on national economy. Prerequisites: L.ECO-221 and 222, or consent of the instructor. 3 credits. Each year.

L.ECO-336. Economic Development.
Why do some countries grow faster than others? Why is the standard of living so much higher in the U.S. than in, say, India? How can we be assured that a country’s standard of living will continue to increase so that its children can enjoy a better life? The study of economic development addresses these questions and many more. 3 credits. Dependent upon staff and demand.

L.ECO-345. Monetary Theory and Policy.
Some people have called the chairman of the Fed Alan Greenspan the second most important person in the country; when Greenspan sneezes, the stock market goes ballistic. Monetary Theory and Policy emphasizes the importance of money, interest rates, government policy, and Alan Greenspan in their influence on our economy. 3 credits. Dependent upon staff and demand.

L.ECO-349. Government, Business and the Public Sector.
A study of the relationship between market power and economic performance and the role of government in the U.S. economy combined with a survey of U.S. antitrust laws, taxation, and public utility regulation. 3 credits. Spring semesters of odd numbered years.

L.ECO-351. Labor Economics.
An overview of the factors affecting the labor market and their policy implications, along with a history and analysis of the labor movement and collective bargaining. 3 credits. Each year.

L.ECO-353. History of Economic Thought.
A study of the emergence of economics, the only social science to award a Nobel Prize, takes us down a fascinating road of ideas and individuals, but one filled with intellectual detours and analytical dead ends. Along the way, we meet Adam Smith, the father of modern economics, who was reported to have been so lost in thought that he fell into a hole in the street as he was walking. It was after reading Thomas Malthus' Essay on Population that Charles Darwin developed his main ideas contributing to The Origin of the Species. The history of economic thought is a colorful history of the quirks and idiosyncrasies, as well as the major contributions, of the great thinkers in economics. 3 credits. Each year.

L.ECO-395. Topics.

L.ECO-419. Econometrics.
Econometrics is a primary tool for both macroeconomics and microeconomics. With help from the instructor, students will design, set up, and analyze econometric models on the cause and effects of economic and social issues that may include crime, inflation, economic growth, the stock market and education. Prerequisites: L.ECO-221, 222 and L.BUS-310. 3 credits. Each year.

L.ECO-490. Economics Seminar.
Many graduates, upon completion of a degree in economics, have little more than vague notions about what economists actually do when they go to work on Monday morning. In addition, many students do not know what they themselves are capable of doing, what problems they might be asked to solve, and how to proceed in setting up and solving these problems. The objectives of this class are to set up and seek solutions to economics issues: inflation, unemployment, crime, the interest rate, Federal Reserve Bank policy, international trade, economic growth and many other issues. Through the application of theoretical models such as the IS-LM, AS-AD, and the money market models, and the use of cost/benefit and econometric models, students will put economic theory to the test by completing a thesis that attempts to explain real life phenomena. Required for majors. 3 credits. Each spring semester.

SOCIOLOGY

Requirements for the major in Sociology (33 credits):
L.SOC-115, 332, 333, 336, 489 and 18 additional credits in Sociology.

Requirements for the minor in Sociology (18 credits):
L.SOC-115 and a minimum of 15 additional credits taken from any of the sociology offerings except SOC-394.

Students double majoring in sociology and criminal justice may apply cross-listed courses L.CRJ/SOC-252 and L.CRJ/SOC-253 and must take an additional 9 credits in Sociology. No more than 6 credits of courses cross-listed as L.CRJ/SOC may be used to count toward the Sociology minor.

SOCIOLOGY COURSES

L.SOC-115. Introduction to Sociology.
An overview of the discipline of sociology. The course examines the theories and research methods of sociology as well as substantive areas including culture, social stratification, small group dynamics, social institutions, and the dynamics of social and cultural change. 3 credits. Each semester.

L.SOC-216. Social Problems.
Consideration is given to a number of contemporary social problems. Sociological principles are employed in the analysis of such topics as poverty, violence, teen pregnancy, racial and ethnic relations, sexism, environmental degradation and global inequality. Requires 20 hours of service learning. 3 credits. Each fall semester.

L.SOC-225. Self and Society-AI.
An examination of the impact of the social environment on individual identity and behavior. The course emphasizes development of self, attitudes and attitude change, interpersonal relations, small groups and collective behavior. Students will develop a stronger sense of human interaction and relationships, and an appreciation for multiple views of social reality that should be useful to their relations at home, with friends, at work, and within their larger community. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits. Each spring semester.

L.SOC-226. Cultural Anthropology-AC.
The main aim of this course is to introduce students to cultural diversity. Students will ask questions about cultural traditions in order to free themselves from a narrowness of vision which is restricted to their own time and place. This is designed to help students understand and interact with their fellow human beings in an increasingly interconnected world and an increasingly culturally diverse North America. We will begin with an examination of general issues and questions about the field such as the unique perspective and methodology that anthropology offers, relative to other disciplines. We will then move on to examine how cultural traditions are manifested in the systems of politics, rituals, religion, ethnicity, kinship, language, and gender within various pre-modern and modern cultural groups. We will conclude by considering modern threats to pre-modern cultures such as colonialism, and modernity. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits. Each spring semester.

L.SOC-227. Sociology of the Family.
An intensive study of the family as a social institution; an investigation of such topics as dating, courtship, marital and parent-child relationships; an analysis of trends in family organization and comparative family systems. 3 credits. Spring semesters dependent upon staff and demand.

L.SOC-230. Sociology of Education.
An introduction to the essential theories and research in the sociology of education. Topics include: the relationship of education to the reproduction of the prevailing social order; the outcomes of schooling and how they are produced; schools as organizations; social structure of classrooms; the interface between education and race, class, and gender; student culture and politics; and critique of academia. 3 credits.

L.SOC-240. Gender and Society.
An exploration of the influence of gender stratification on both the social development of women and men and their personal experiences of social institutions such as the family, the economy, the political order, religion, and the educational system. Special emphasis is placed on the intersecting character of class, race, and gender stratification systems. 3 credits. Each fall semester.

L.SOC-242. Health, Healing, and Illness.
While adopting the sociological perspective as a unique lens with which to view how health issues affect and are affected by society, this course will explore basic questions about a wide range of topics dealing with the providers of care; the recipients of care; and the larger context of health, illness and disease. In examining these issues, this course will seek to explore how sociological factors such as race, ethnicity, gender, age and social class shape the nature of the health professions, the medical problems that people face, and the different solutions that are made available to different people on the basis of their social and personal characteristics. 3 credits. Dependent upon staff and demand.

L.SOC-245. Race and Ethnicity-AC.
The primary emphasis in this course is on introducing and exploring important issues related to race and ethnicity in the United States. The course analyzes information comprehensively and includes historical evidence in order to better understand culture. Students will explore probable causes and consequences of inequality rooted in race/ethnicity. Students will incorporate an analysis of values, including understanding how personal and cultural values result from social forces and structures, into their examination of race and ethnicity. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.SOC-252. Criminology.
(Cross-listed as L.CRJ-252)
A comprehensive analysis of crime in America, emphasizing the cause and consequences of criminal activity. Consideration is also given to theories of crime and societal responses to criminal behavior. 3 credits. Each fall semester.

L.SOC-253. Introduction to Corrections.
(Cross-listed as L.CRJ-253)
An introductory examination of the treatment of criminal offenders in the United States. The history of punishment, and its relationship to current competing correctional philosophies, is discussed. Major topics include probation, prisons and their operation, and parole. Each spring semester.

L.SOC-258. Juvenile Delinquency.
(Cross-listed as L.CRJ-258)
A sociological analysis of the nature of delinquent behavior. An examination of family, neighborhood, school, peer group, social class and cultural determinants of delinquency. In addition, societal attempts to control and prevent delinquency will be considered. 3 credits. Each fall semester.

L.SOC-262. Sociology of Aging.
The main aim of this course is to introduce students to the general issues of Aging in America. We examine general theoretical explanations of aging and the status of the aged in the United States. We analyze physical, mental, emotional, social adjustment, and different myths about sexuality and aging consider the impact of aging on a host of social institutions including the economy, religion, politics, and the family, among others. Other issues include ageism, nursing home care, health related problems, widowhood, death, dying and bereavement. Service learning will be made possible by working with elderly residents at a local long-term care facility. 3 credits. Fall semesters of odd numbered years.

L.SOC-272. Global Inequality.
"Everyone knows the fight was fixed. The poor stay poor. The rich get richer." This course examines the problem of poverty in the U.S. and in other countries and explores both national and global efforts to eradicate poverty and inequality. By comparing several developed and developing countries in North America, Asia, Latin America, and Africa, consideration is also given to the processes of social change around the world and the role of social institutions in social change and inequality. 3 credits. Each spring semester.

L.SOC-282. Environment and Society-AC.
What are the cultural and institutional mechanisms that have both contributed to and responded to environmental problems over the last 100 years? How and why have attitudes, organizations and governmental policies changed? In addition to these questions, students will investigate how corporations have used mass communication to affect consumption patterns by demonstrating social status and self-worth with material goods. Students will propose how culture might be transformed to better address environmental problems. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.SOC-286. Empowering Women-AI.
Part I is an interdisciplinary investigation into the interplay between culture, biology and science as they influence and are influenced by gender. Topics range from the thin line between maleness and femaleness, to subverting muscular development, to the social psychology of birthing. Part II turns to the difficulties that individuals, families, and institutions are experiencing in the cultural transition to more equitable gender roles. Men and women are encouraged to enroll though the course is primarily about women’s lives and identities. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.SOC-295, 395. Sociology Topics.
Courses numbered L.SOC-295 or L.SOC-395 are topics courses. These courses are an analysis of selected problems of current interest in sociology. The specific subject matter may vary from year to year, reflecting the interests of both faculty and students. 1-3 credits.

L.SOC-332. Research Methods and Methodology.
An examination of the principles of social research including the research process, choosing the research problem, constructing social explanations, measurement, survey and field research techniques, and the analysis, interpretation, and application of survey research data. 3 credits. Each fall semester.

L.SOC-333. Statistical Analyses.
Rationale and use of various statistical procedures including measures of central tendency, dispersion, inference and association. Students gain experience in coding and entering data, recoding variables, and creating composite measures with the use of computer software. Students develop their own hypotheses and conduct independent statistical analyses of survey data. Encouraged for all social science majors. Recommended: L.SOC-332 or equivalent. 3 credits. Each spring semester.

L.SOC-336. Sociological Theory.
This course focuses on five major theoretical perspectives: structural-functionalism, social conflict, social exchange, symbolic interactionism, and rational choice, and a few renowned theorists associated with each of the perspectives. Consideration is also given to the analysis of how these perspectives have profoundly shaped modern sociology and broader debates concerning a variety of social issues relating to divorce, crime and deviance, religion, and social change. Specific attention is also given to the uncovering of the theoretical premises and assumptions embedded in contemporary social and political rhetoric. 3 credits. Each fall semester.

L.SOC-394. Practicum.
The practicum is designed for sociology majors and minors who desire an agency/organization placement. The primary objective of the practicum is to enable students to link classroom learning to work situations. 1-3 credits. Arranged with chairperson.

L.SOC-398. Interdivisional Projects.

L.SOC-399. Interdivisional Seminar.

L.SOC-489. Senior Seminar.
A seminar for senior majors which endeavors to crystallize the student’s knowledge and appreciation of the discipline. The course will concentrate upon methodological, theoretical, and substantive issues of interest in the field. 3 credits. Each spring semester.

HISTORY

Requirements for the major (33 credits):
L.HIS-288, 489 and 490 plus eight electives in History courses. Students in the first and sophomore years are advised to select from among 100- and 200-level courses. Majors, in consultation with a faculty advisor, design a curriculum suited to their particular interests and professional needs. Division approval is required for acceptance as a major, for course distribution within the major, and for graduation. Before the division will consider for approval an application for major, an applicant should have passed six credits in Loras history courses with at least a 2.3 G.P.A. and consulted with the division chair on the requirements for the major. To complete the major, a student must receive at least a C+ grade in L.HIS-288, 489 and 490 and maintain at least a 2.3 G.P.A. in 33 credits of History courses taken for the major.

Requirements for the minor (18 credits):
Six credits must come from courses in European and/or Non-Western History and six credits from courses in American History. Six additional credits are to be chosen from 300- and 400-level History courses in any field.

History Endorsements for Secondary Education:
In addition to completing requirements for the History major, a student seeking certification to teach in secondary education (7-12) must also complete any one of the two endorsements (U.S. History and World History). Either endorsement may be completed within the requirements for the History major. Students should consult with the division chair for the latest list of specific courses that meet these requirements and/or any changes to the endorsements. Students interested in a history endorsement as a minor area or in an endorsement for K-6 (History or Social Studies) should consult with the division chair.

UNITED STATES COURSES

L.HIS-121. United States to 1877.
The founding, expansion, and development of the United States from discovery and colonization to the Reconstruction era. 3 credits. Each fall semester.

L.HIS-122. United States since 1865.
United States history from the end of the Civil War to the present. 3 credits. Each spring semester.

L.HIS-225. Confederates: Virtual and Real-AI.
The Confederate States of America lived a short, bloody, costly national life. Effectively out of business with Lee’s surrender in 1865, its former parts were coercively reincorporated into the US by 1870. Thus ended its real existence but is it “Gone With the Wind?” Despite military defeat and political reabsorption, the CSA leads a “virtual” life that takes many forms: southern regional consciousness and heritage defense, neo-confederate ideology, agrarianism, states’ rights and anti-centralization thought and Civil War reenactments. This course will examine the life, death and continuing virtual existence of the confederacy. By means of primary sources, material and popular cultural artifacts, films and literature, we will focus on questions of identity and community. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-226. Catholic-Schism: Contemporary Controversies in Catholicism-AI.
Is Catholicism in crisis? Is the crisis likely to be seriously damaging or even potentially fatal? Are disputes within US Catholicism so sharp as to constitute open schism? Can Americans hold views at variance with positions articulated by global church officials? What is really behind the left-center-right ideological struggles of the contemporary church? What do people who hold diverse views on hotly contested issues actually believe? What is the basis of their beliefs? What is truly at stake in these divisive issues? Through intensive analysis of three key controversies: the clerical sex scandals, the question of ordination of women and that of enforcing Catholic identity in higher education, we will explore ways in which individual identity and collective community issues drive these current disputes. Surely this is one of the more interesting, if stressful, times to be an American Roman Catholic but is there anything on which all those who call themselves Catholic in the US can currently agree? How can fundamentally opposite views on important issues even be discussed let alone reconciled? What is an individual to do who in good conscience feels they must dissent from officially recognized teachings? Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-229. African American History-AI.
This course studies the African American experience by exploring the nature of forming personal identities in three distinct phases: slavery, segregation and the civil rights movement. Students will develop an understanding of how racism shapes identities and communities and invokes personal and community efforts to reduce and/or use the race factor in human affairs. The course is divided into three segments, each of which will climax in a "convention" where a major question will be debated: Resistance to Slavery (1850), Resistance to Segregation (1920), and Planning the future of African Americans (1970). Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-230. Community and Identity in the American West-AI.
This course focuses primarily on the interaction of Native Americans, Hispanics and the diverse population of immigrants (Euro-American, African-American, Chinese and European) who settled in United States territories west of the Mississippi River during the nineteenth century. Through primary source texts, objects, artwork and music, students will explore individual identity and how a group of individuals uses culture to build community. We will study how the interactions within a shared culture transform personal identities as well as how interactions across cultures shape each community. The American West of the nineteenth century represents an extraordinary lens to understand how the individual and society interact to construct personal identity because very diverse groups of people came face to face as they competed for what they perceived as the limited resources of the West. Interactions between the cultures ranged from co-existence to hostility, shaped by issues of power, religion, ethnicity, race, gender, sexuality, economic survival, stereotypes and values. Using a case study approach, students will investigate how individuals from these various societies defined themselves prior to nineteenth century contact and will trace the evolution of personal identities and the meaning of community over the course of a century. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-235. Equality! Race and Gender Reform in the United States-AC.
The course focuses on the struggles for racial and gender equality that took place in the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During the nineteenth century the struggle to eradicate slavery--the abolition movement--contributed to the evolution of a women’s rights movement; more recently, the civil rights movement helped to stimulate the women’s liberation movement. This course compares and contrasts these movements for racial and gender justice across eras, regions, cultural divides and ideologies. We will learn about these struggles for equality through the people, goals, tactics, beliefs, motivations, accomplishments, challenges and legacy of the movements. This is a course about people creating change through individual and community action. Rooted in the discipline of history, we will study the past with an interdisciplinary approach but also bring our historical query to the present with a study of the contemporary battle for racial and gender equity. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-239: U. S. Women’s History-AC.
An introduction to United States women’s history, this course explores the relation between women—as members of groups and as individuals—and the changing social, cultural, economic and political world they live in. U.S. Women’s History begins with the experiences of Native American women during the 1500s and continues through to the present, focusing on the evolving concept of gender identity in American society and how the reality of women’s lives often does not match the ideal. Because American women come from a variety of backgrounds, we will compare and contrast the experiences of women of varying ethnic, class, racial, and regional identities. Although this course will document women’s experience of discrimination and inequity, we will focus on women as actors. Women labored at home and for wages. They built and influenced families, communities and organizations. They worked to reform society, shaping the social, political and economic world through their efforts. As part of our analysis of women as reformers we will trace the evolution of women’s rights and gender equity from the early 1600s to the present. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-320. Archaeology of the Upper Mississippi Valley.
Designed to prepare students for archeology and cultural heritage work in the tri-state region, this course will provide both an overview of the pre-history of the continental United States as well as a detailed examination of the archeology of the Upper Mississippi River Valley. We will begin with the peopling of what becomes the continental United States, comparing and contrasting creation accounts with western science. Next we will examine the distinct and diverse “lifeways” which developed in the seven geographic regions including the Arctic, Sub-arctic, Northwest Coast, Far West, Southwest, Plains (Northern and Southern) and Eastern Woodlands. Although general trends and characteristics can be explored for each region, we will learn most by pursuing a specific ancient people as a case study for each area. Finally, we will trace the lives of the people living in the Upper Mississippi Valley from the Clovis—12,000 years ago—to the indigenous peoples in the area at contact with Europeans in the 1600s. 3 credits.

L.HIS-386. U.S. Survey. (Education majors)
Designed to prepare K-12 teachers of social studies and United States history, this course develops the ability to conceptualize and define the American past in order to teach United States history. It is not a duplicate of EDU 351, Special Secondary Curriculum and Methods: Social Sciences, this course provides models and tools for determining the overarching themes that help explain and explore the American past using a wide variety of methods, including the use of historical sub-fields, material culture, oral history and interdisciplinary resources. Students will identify resources that help teachers make decisions on what to teach, define historical trends, and analyze reading strategies in the field of history including reading comprehension and critical reading. Required for the endorsement in American History. 3 credits.

L.HIS-427. U.S. Catholicism.
The history of Roman Catholics and Roman Catholicism in the U.S. from colonial beginnings to the present with special emphasis on the changes in and anomalies of Catholic identity. Not open to first year students. 3 credits.

L.HIS-431. Revolutionary Era, U.S.
The U.S. in the 18th century, development of British imperial policy and reactions to it, the break from the British empire, experiments in new forms of self-government and the framing, ratification and implementation of the U.S. Constitution in the 1790's. Not open to first year students. 3 credits.

L.HIS-439. The Creation of Modern America, 1877-1924.
This course concentrates on the incredible transformation of society that took place in the United States between 1877 and 1924. The changes of this period resulted in the creation of modern American society. To understand the 20th century we must understand the changes begun during the Gilded Age and completed by the 1920's. Because these changes took place in almost every area of society, this course will draw upon social, cultural, economic, diplomatic, and political history. Open to seniors and juniors, sophomores with approval. 3 credits.

L.HIS-443. Civil War and Reconstruction.
The U.S. from the 1840's through the 1870's with emphasis on the causes of the war, military operations of the conflict and its impact on the U.S., the difficulties of reconciling the former enemies. Not open to first year students. 3 credits.

L.HIS-449. Dissent and Reform at the Turn of the Century: Populists, Progressives and the Labor Movement, 1870-1919.
Many people protested the incredible transformation of their lives that occurred in the U.S. during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This course concentrates on the problems created by the changes of the Gilded Age and how people coped with them. To improve their lives and to impose order on a chaotic world, farmers, laborers and middle-class progressives demanded reform through populism, labor unions and the progressive movement. Open to seniors and juniors, sophomores with approval. Prerequisite: L.HIS-439 recommended, but not required. 3 credits.

L.HIS-453. The Great Depression and the New Deal.
A study of the Great Depression in the United States, including its origins in the 1920's, the consequences of depression on U.S. society and the New Deal as a response to the crisis. Because peoples' experience of the catastrophe varied, different perspectives based on race, gender, age and region will be discussed. This course will also examine the legacy of the New Deal, including the evolution of the social welfare state, the transformation of the role of government in society and the expansion of the power of the president. Not open to first year students. 3 credits.

L.HIS-455. U.S. History Since 1945.
The political, social, and economic history of the U.S. from the end of World War II to the present including the evolution of Cold War politics and major changes in U.S. society. Not open to first year students. 3 credits.

L.HIS-456. The Civil Rights Movement.
A focus on organizations, and to a lesser degree on their leaders, involved in the post-World War II struggle for racial equality in southern and northern states. Organizations studied include the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, Congress of Racial Equality, the Black Panthers, the Nation of Islam, and a sample of local action groups. 3 credits.

L.HIS-457. The Right vs. The Left: Social Change in America Since World War II.
Since World War II, American culture and ideology have coalesced around two contending value systems and world views. This tension between the vision of the right and the belief system of the left fueled social change in the United States. This course analyzes the reform movements initiated by the left and the right between World War II and the present. Because the current culture wars represent the continuing battle between the left and the right over the identity of America, the course will end with a discussion of contemporary issues. Open to seniors and juniors, sophomores with approval. 3 credits.

L.HIS-472. The United States and Vietnam.
A history of the Vietnam wars and their impact on both Vietnam and the United States. The course will highlight the historical development of Vietnamese society, French colonialism, the Cold War politics of F.D.R. through Nixon, the military history of U.S involvement, and the turmoil on the U.S. home front. Open to seniors and juniors, sophomores with approval. 3 credits.

Courses Offered Through the Loras Research Center For Dubuque Area History
L.HIS-150. A History of Dubuque and the Upper Mississippi Valley. 1670-1877.
A study of the Indians, explorers, fur traders, miners, missionaries, river men, politicians, and other early settlers contributing to the development of Dubuque and the Upper Mississippi Valley from frontier origins to the Civil War and Reconstruction. Offered periodically. 3 credits.

EUROPEAN AND NON-WESTERN COURSES

L.HIS-116. Ancient Greek Civilization.
(Cross-listed as L.GRS-116)
A survey of ancient Greek history and culture from the Bronze Age of heroes of the Trojan War through the Hellenistic period ushered in by Alexander the Great. The course will try to answer the questions “who were the ancient Greeks and why are they worth studying today?” by examining the history, art, and literature they produced. 3 credits. Each fall semester.

L.HIS-117. Roman Civilization.
(Cross-listed as L.GRS-117)
A survey of Roman history and culture from the mysterious Etruscan period and the legendary founding of Rome through the fall of the western half of the Empire. The course will try to answer the questions “who were the Romans and why are they worth studying today?” by examining the history, art, and literature they produced. 3 credits. Each spring semester.

L.HIS-140. Early Modern Europe to 1750.
A study of the political, cultural and intellectual developments of Europe to 1750. 3 credits. Each fall semester.

L.HIS-141. Modern Europe from 1750 to the present.
A study of the political, cultural, and intellectual development of Europe. 3 credits. Each spring semester.

L.HIS-155. Introduction to Latin American History.
A one-semester introductory survey of Latin American history from pre-Columbian civilizations to the present. 3 credits.

L.HIS-160. Africa to 1800.
A survey of the African continent from earliest times to the 19th century. Topics include early man, Egyptian and other Nile civilizations; Trans-Saharan trade and the Western Sudanic kingdoms; Bantu migrations; Eastern African and India; early Arab and European exploration; Sub-Saharan African cultures and the origins of the slave trade. 3 credits.

L.HIS-161. Modern Africa since 1800.
A survey of sub-Saharan Africa during the age of European exploration, conquest, and colonization. Topics include the revolutions in West and Southern Africa; abolition of the slave trade; European exploration and trade; military conquest and African resistance; white settlers in Africa; British, French, and German colonial rule; the economics of western colonialism; the emergence of African elites and the growth of African nationalism. 3 credits.

L.HIS-170. East Asian Civilization.
A historical survey of East Asian civilization from its beginnings to the present. The first third of the course covers pre-modern China, with special attention to Confucianism and its influence on political institutions and society. The second third of the course covers pre-modern Korea and Japan, with an emphasis on these two nations adaptation of the Chinese model of civilization. The last third of the course examines modern East Asia, with an emphasis on Western intrusion into East Asia, the development of Japanese imperialism and militarism, the Communist revolution in China, and the rise of the East Asian economies after World War II. 3 credits.

L.HIS-175. Themes in World History.
Instead of striving for a comprehensive coverage of world history, this course focuses on a few selected themes, such as migration, gender, warfare, and revolutions. Each theme will be examined in global and comparative perspectives. The emphasis of the course is placed on the modern world, but pre-modern influences and patterns will also be explored in some of the themes. 3 credits.

L.HIS-220. Introduction to Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Interpretation.
An introduction to two interconnected disciplines: archaeology and cultural heritage interpretation (CHI). Students will learn how archaeology has changed over time, from pot-hunting and treasure-seeking by individual adventurers, to a sophisticated science incorporating many different subdisciplines within the larger field of anthropology. Students will also learn the basic methods and procedures involved in actually “doing” archaeology, as well as tangle with some of the ethical issues involved. Because the purpose behind “doing” archaeology is to collect enough information about a particular culture to begin to piece together the lifeways of the people who left their marks on our world, we will also study how archaeologists go about interpreting their finds to the general public. 3 credits.

L.HIS-222. Archaeology and World Prehistory.
(Cross-listed as L.GRS-222)
A study of the evolutionary origins of human beings, the development of human culture and technologies (such as religion and agriculture), through the rise of the first urban civilizations. The course will examine how archaeology is used to reconstruct human cultures for which written records do not exist, and study the origin of the first state structures in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China, and Mesoamerica. 3 credits.

L.HIS-236. Art and Archaeology of Greece and Rome.
(Cross-listed as L.GRS-236)
A study of the sites and artifacts of ancient Greek and Roman material culture. Includes an introduction to archaeological theory and methods, and an examination of the physical remains,, as well as an interpretation of those artifacts to help reconstruct the ancient lifeways of these prolific cultures. 3 credits. As needed.

L.HIS-240. A Greek Odyssey: An Archaeological Tour of Greece-AC.
(Cross-listed as L.GRS-240)
This course is an overseas study course. The students will investigate how the physical remains of an ancient culture, studied over different time periods, reveal changes in the culture’s social structure, political institutions, economic forces, technological advancements, etc. Although the focus of the study trip will be to examine physical sites and artifacts, wherever possible students will read primary literary sources that offer insights from the ancient Greeks themselves into their own culture. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits. Offered in January 2008.

L.HIS-245. The Celts-AC.
The Celts - Hags, Druids, and Saints pace the pages of Celtic myth and folklore, entrancing audiences and readers with stories of personal dilemmas, heroism, and magic. In this course we will analyze comparatively some Irish and Welsh myths, study the evolution of the legend of St. Patrick, and read fairy tales in an effort to understand important cultural realities and the social changes they reflect. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-249. Russian Civilization-AC.
A study of Russian history with a special emphasis on the cultural context. The course starts with a brief overview of pre-Petrine Russia, but places the emphasis on imperial Russia (from Peter the Great to 1917) and Soviet and post-Soviet Russia. Students are expected to develop an in-depth understanding of continuity and change in Russian civilization and of the differences and similarities between Russian civilization and Western civilization. Readings are primarily works of Russian writers contemporary to the specific periods being studied, and excerpts from novels make up a large part of these readings. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-250. The Crazy Years: Paris in the 1920s and 1930s-AA.
Paris in the 20s was the place to be. There you could find a fusion of the latest, most daring trends in art, music, and literature and a haven for those who had no “home” to speak of – displaced Russian nobility who had fled their homeland after the Revolution, Africans from various French colonies who had come to Paris to study, American Blacks who had come to escape repressive Jim Crow laws. We will examine this period through art, music, literature, journalism and see why Paris was such a crossroads at that particular moment in time. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-255. U.S.-Latin American Relations.
A survey of Interamerican relations with emphasis on the period from the Spanish-American War (1898) to the present and on U.S. relations with Central America and the Caribbean. 3 credits.

L.HIS-257. Modern Brazilian History and Culture-AC.
This course examines the history of Latin America’s largest geographic and most populous nation from the arrival of the Portuguese Court in 1808 to present. The material throughout this course will consider issues such as the dynamics and legacies of the world’s largest slave society, economic growth and industrialization, political organization and participation, liberalism, populism, authoritarianism and democracy, industrialization, urbanization, race relations, European and Asian immigration to Brazil, ethnic and gender identities, regionalism, and elements of popular culture such as music, the arts, and sports. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-261. Society and Ecology in Africa-AI.
A look at the way individual Africans and their communities function in four ecological zones: tropical rainforest of west/central, western savannah, northern plateau of southern Africa, and the Rift Valley of eastern Africa, using GIS software, novels, and historical readings to explore the relationship between societies and their physical surroundings at different moments in time. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-272. Modern Japanese History and Culture-AC.
This course examines Japanese history since the Meiji Restoration (1868) with a special emphasis on the cultural context. Topics include the Meiji Restoration, revolutionary changes in Japanese society and culture during the Meiji period (1868-1912), the ascendancy of militarism in the 1930s, World War II, American occupation, and rapid economic development in the postwar years. Students will be challenged to understand complex relations between tradition and modernization in modern Japanese history, and they will be encouraged to question generalizations about Japanese culture through the examination of concrete historical topics. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-277. Modern Chinese History and Culture-AC.
A study of China from the Opium War (1839-1842) to the present, with an emphasis on cultural history. This course examines how political, economic, and cultural changes during the last one and half centuries have altered the sense the Chinese have of themselves and of China’s place in the world. It also examines how cultural tradition persists in China through changes. This course satisfies advanced general education requirement in the ‘Cultural Traditions across Generations” category. Prerequisites: LIB-100; LIB-105; LIB-110; and one from LIB-120, LIB-130 or LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-282. History as Film: Africa-AC.
This course explores three cultural traditions--American, European, African--as represented in their dramatic/action films on African history, and helps develop an awareness of fundamental differences between western (American/European) and African perceptions of Africa, as long-standing western/African cultural traditions. The course will address issues related to dramatic historical films that include: changes and continuities in American and European cultural imaging of Africa; film as cultural tradition; historical film as cultural agenda; African critiques of American and European historical films; African stereotypes as reflections of evolving American and European race consciousness. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-306. Historians of Greece and Rome.
(Cross-listed as L.GRS-306)
Readings from the classical historians. Emphasis is placed upon the development of history as a literary genre and an intellectual endeavor. Greek authors: Herodotus, Thucydides, Polybius, Plutarch. Roman authors: Caesar, Sallust, Livy, Tacitus, Suetonius. 3 credits. Dependent upon staff and demand.

L.HIS-329. The Enlightenment.
An examination of the major institutions of eighteenth-century European society and the social history of ideas, particularly the contrast between elite and popular culture, and the primary social criticisms and reforms proposed by Enlightenment writers, such as Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and the Encyclopedists. Open to seniors and juniors, sophomores with approval. 3 credits.

L.HIS-330. The French Revolution.
The causes and course of the revolution including the origins of modern political culture in the Enlightenment and the revolution, international repercussions, terror, social consequences, and the Napoleonic period. Open to seniors and juniors, sophomores with approval. 3 credits.

L.HIS-340. The Age of Kings and Conversions: Early Medieval Europe, 476-1075.
An exploration of the vivacious and complex world of barbarians and monks, pagans and Christians, queens and bishops. Questions about historical interpretation and analysis of evidence are important to the study and understanding of this period. Open to seniors and juniors, sophomores with approval. 3 credits.

L.HIS-341. The Age of Love and Reason: Late Medieval Europe, 1075-1530.
A thematic study of the late medieval period that addresses issues of importance for that age and of interest for the modern world. Important themes will include love and marriage, chivalry, heresy, architecture and representation, individual and communal identity, the formation of nation-states, the Crusades, popular culture, intellectual developments, and the Italian Renaissance. Open to seniors and juniors, sophomores with approval. 3 credits.

L.HIS-342. The Reformation-AI.
This course is about the revision and construction of personal and group identities in the time of the Reformation. Martin Luther’s intense probing of his own motivations and his tormented perception of himself led him to radically alter his theological understanding in such a way that it completely transformed his understanding of himself as a Christian, the communities that he served, and the Church to which he belonged. Luther was not alone in this. Throughout Germany, many people from all walks of life and all classes of society joined him in a process of scrutiny of Church and self. Prerequisites: L.LIB-100, L.LIB-105, L.LIB-110, and one course from L.LIB-120, L.LIB-130, or L.LIB-135. 3 credits.

L.HIS-343. Medieval Christianity.
A study of the development of western Christianity in the Middle Ages, with particular attention to formative influences, definitive tensions, diverse perceptions and popular appeal. The most important themes are monasticism, sanctity, heresy, and the spiritual expressions of women and men. Less emphasis upon institutional history. Open to seniors and juniors, sophomores with approval. 3 credits.

L.HIS-346. Isle of the Saints: a Study Tour of Medieval Ireland-AI.
Through travel and study in Ireland, this course examines medieval Irish society, including law, genealogy, and tribal affiliation, from the beginnings of Irish “history” in the fourth century A.D. to the religious and political turmoil of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when Continental calls for Reformation joined with Tudor and Cromwellian assertions of power to force Irish people to reorganize their communities and their sense of identity. Prerequisites: LIB-100; LIB-105; LIB-110; and one from LIB-120, LIB-130 or LIB-135. 3 credits. Offered through the Center for Experiential Learning as needed.

L.HIS-347. European Society 1870-1920 and the First World War.
An analysis of the impact made by social changes such as industrialization, urbanization and the creation of mass culture on European politics, intellectual life, women's and labor movements, and the development of nationalism and total war. Open to seniors and juniors, sophomores with approval. 3 credits.

L.HIS-349. The Second World War.
The causes of the war, the European and Pacific campaigns, the civilian reaction, the Holocaust, resistance movements and the origins of the Cold War. Open to seniors and juniors, sophomores with approval. 3 credits.

L.HIS-357, 358. Western Culture.
An examination of European life, past and present, from an American point of view in a series of separable one-credit units treating either general topics or specific geographical areas. Suited for immediate enrichment or as preparation of serious travel study. Open to seniors, juniors and sophomores. 1-3 credits.

L.HIS-360. Southern Africa since 1800.
An examination of the impact of white settler rule in the region of Southern Africa, which includes countries of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Topics include the early white settlement; slavery, the Shaka revolution; the Dutch trek; mineral revolution; the imperial scramble for colonies; British, Portuguese and Dutch colonial rule; the Anglo-Boer War; the regional mine labor system; Apartheid, and African struggles for independence. Sophomores and above. 3 credits.

L.HIS-380. The Cold War.
A study of the Cold War as a global confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union and as a global conflict between Communism and capitalism. Topics include the origins of the Cold War, nuclear weapons and the Cold War, ideologies of the Cold War and propaganda, the Third World and the Cold War, and the end of the Cold War. Open to seniors and juniors, sophomores with approval. 3 credits.

L.HIS-392. History as Film.
This course examines the uses of film as sources of historical knowledge, principally through documentaries but also through semi-documentaries and fictional films. Non-traditional materials of historians (motion-picture films) as well as traditional materials (written sources) will enhance significantly the student's interest in and understanding of modern history. Topics vary and will be determined by the availability of films and students' interest. 1-3 credits. Dependent upon staff and demand.

REQUIRED AND INDIVIDUALIZED COURSES

L.HIS-288. Introduction to Historical Method.
An introductory course for history majors (or potential majors) that deals with historical methodologies by means of primary and secondary source materials drawn from US history. Much attention will be given to identifying, constructing, reconstructing and critiquing historical interpretations. Each fall semester.

L.HIS-489. Seminar for Majors: Interpretations.
This seminar presents a critical examination of the major events and issues in European history, historians' interpretations of these events and issues, and problems of historical research and methodology. The focus is Eurocentric. The scope is global. Open only to senior or junior history majors, normally in their second semester junior year. 3 credits. Each spring semester.

L.HIS-490. Research Seminar.
Emphasis in this course is on research and the production of quality papers based on primary and secondary materials. For history majors only, normally in their senior year. Cannot be repeated more than once. 3 credits. Each fall semester.

L.HIS-494. Internship in History.
This internship will provide students with a learning experience while working several hours a week for a semester or during the summer for a historical society, history firm, museum, archive, research library, or some equivalent institution. There the student will learn some of the methods and work skills of public history, museum or archival management, historical preservation, and/or research. Prerequisites: senior or junior standing, completion of 12 credits in history prior to the beginning of the internship, and permission of the division chair and the work supervisor of the internship at the institution where the internship will be performed. 2-3 credits (a minimum of 50 hours of work required per credit). Dependent upon staff and demand.

L.HIS-495. Topics.
Credit to be arranged in consultation with the chairperson. 1-3 credits. Dependent upon staff and demand.

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